![]() ![]() (p279)Ī single šayṭān (mostly thought of as Iblis) (p275) caused Adam to eat from the forbidden tree, arguing, God only prohibited its fruit, so they shall not become immortal, as narrated in Quran 7:20. (p278) It is God who leads astray and puts people on the straight path. (p278) According to Quran 38:36-38, God made the shayatin slaves for Solomon, (p278) God assigns a shayāṭīn as a companion to an unbeliever ( 7:27) (p278) and God sends shayāṭīn as enemies to misbelievers to incite them against each other ( 19:83). Yet, despite reluctant nature of the shayatin, they are ultimately under God's command, working as his instruments and not forming their own party. Quran 26:95 speaks about the junud Iblis, the (invisible) hosts of Iblis (comparable to the junud of angels fighting along Muhammad in Quran 9:40). They teach sorcery ( 2:102), (p278) inspire their friends to dispute with the faithful ( 6:121), (p278) make evil suggestions ( 23:97) (p278) towards both humans and djinn ( 6:112) and secretly listen to the council of the angels ( Quran 15:16–18). The shayatin are mentioned less frequently than Satan, (p278) but they are equally hostile to God's order ( sharia). In the Qur'an, shayatin are mentioned as often as angels. Taken from Islamic sources, shayatin may be translated as " demons", satans or "devils". ![]() The term shayatin appears similarly in the Book of Enoch, denoting the hosts of Satan. ![]() With the emergence of Islam, the meaning of shayatin moved closer to the Christian concept of devils. In pre-Islamic Arabia, this term was used to designate an evil spirit, but only used by poets who were in contact with Jews and Christians. It has a theological connotation designating a creature distant from the divine mercy. The word Šaiṭān ( Arabic: شَيْطَان) originated from the triliteral root š-ṭ-n ("distant, astray") and cognate to Satan. Some writers describe the shayāṭīn as expressions of God's fierce attributes and actions. During Ramadan, they are said to be chained in hell.Īccording to Muslim philosophical writings, the shayāṭīn struggle against the noble angels in the imaginal reality called 'ālam al-mithāl or 'ālam al-malakūt over the human mind, consisting of both angelic and devilish qualities. Both the Hadith and folklore usually speak of the shayāṭīn in abstract terms, describing their evil influence only. Hadith-literature holds the shayāṭīn responsible for various calamities which may affect personal life. Iblis, called ash-shayṭān ("the devil" or " Satan"), is their leader. They may teach sorcery, float below the heavens to steal the news of the angels, or lurk near humans without being seen. The Qur'an speaks of various ways that the shayāṭīn tempt humans into sin. Although invisible to humans, shayāṭīn are imagined to be ugly and grotesque creatures created from fire. Ī shaytan ( Arabic: شَيْطَان, romanized: šayṭān, " devil", "satan", or "demon", plural: šayāṭīn (شَيَاطِين)) is an evil spirit in Islam, inciting humans (and the jinn) to sin by "whispering" (وَسْوَسَة, waswasa) in their hearts (قَلْب qalb). The art-style of Uighur or Central Asia origin, was used by Muslim Turks to depict various legendary beings. Depiction of one of the shayāṭīn by Siyah Qalam, c. ![]()
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